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 Analyze and apply critical thinking skills in the psychopathology of mental health patients and provide treatment and health promotion while applying evidence-based research.Scenario:

C.Z. is a 20-year-old Caucasian male who is in his second year of college. He is seeking treatment due to persistent fears that campus security and the local police are tracking and surveilling him. He cites occasional lags in his internet speed as evidence that surveillance devices are interfering with his electronics. His intense anxiety about this has begun getting in the way of his ability to complete schoolwork, and his friends are concerned – he says they have told him, “you’re not making sense.”

C.Z. occasionally laughs abruptly and inappropriately and sometimes stops speaking mid-sentence, looking off in the distance as though he sees or hears something. He expresses concern about electronics in the room (phone, computer) potentially being monitored and asks repeatedly about patient confidentiality, stating that he wants to be sure the police won’t be informed about his treatment. His beliefs are fixed, and if they are challenged, his tone becomes hostile.

Questions:

Remember to answer these questions from your textbooks and NP guidelines. At all times, explain your answers. 

1. Discuss the etiology, course, and the structural/functional abnormalities of schizophrenia. 
2. Discuss the evidence-based pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment for this patient using the US Clinical Guidelines.

Submission Instructions:

• Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.  Your initial post is worth 8 points.
• You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.) 
• All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.
• Please post your initial response by 11:59 PM ET Thursday, and comment on the posts of two classmates by 11:59 PM ET Sunday.
• Late work policies, expectations regarding proper citations, acceptable means of responding to peer feedback, and other expectations are at the discretion of the instructor.
• You can expect feedback from the instructor within 48 to 72 hours from the Sunday due date.

   

       Makhanu 

  

       John Green’s case presents several socioeconomic, spiritual,  lifestyle, and cultural factors that should be considered when  interacting with him as a healthcare provider.

1. Gender Identity and Transition: John identifies as a  male but was assigned female at birth. Understanding his gender  identity and history of transitioning is crucial for providing sensitive  and appropriate care (Coleman, 2019). Questions might include:
   • Could you please share more about your gender transition journey and any specific healthcare needs related to it?
   • Are there any gender-specific health concerns or challenges you’d like to discuss?
2. Unemployment and Financial Situation: John is  currently unemployed and has concerns about being a burden on his  family. Exploring his financial situation, any potential stressors  related to unemployment, and his support system is important (Coleman,  2019). Questions could include:
   • Can you tell me more about your current employment situation and any financial stress you might be experiencing?
   • Do you have a support network that you can rely on during this period of unemployment?
3. Substance Use: John’s smoking and marijuana use can  have a significant impact on his health. It’s important to assess the  frequency and quantity of use and discuss potential health risks  associated with these behaviors. Questions might include:
   • Can you share more about your smoking habits, including when you started and how many cigarettes you smoke daily?
   • Tell me about your marijuana use. How often do you use it, and in what quantities?
4. Depression: John mentions experiencing episodes of  depression. Exploring the severity, triggers, and coping mechanisms  related to his depression is important for providing mental health  support. Questions could include:
   • Could you describe your experiences with depression, including when it started and how it affects your daily life?
   • Have you sought any mental health support or counseling for your depression?
5. HIV Status and Medication: Understanding John’s HIV  status, treatment regimen, and adherence is critical for assessing his  overall health (CDC,2020). Questions might include:
   • Can you provide more information about your HIV diagnosis, including how you’re managing it?
   • How has your experience with HIV treatment been, and have you encountered any challenges or side effects?
6. Social Support and Family Dynamics: John has moved  back home with his parents. Exploring his relationship with his family  and the impact of this living arrangement on his mental and emotional  well-being is essential. Questions could include:
   • How is your relationship with your family, especially since you moved back home?
   • Are there any specific challenges or stressors related to living with your parents that you’d like to discuss?
7. Spiritual and Cultural Beliefs: Assessing John’s  spiritual and cultural beliefs can help tailor care to his preferences  (Young             et al.,2016). Questions might include:
   • Do you have any spiritual or cultural practices that are important  to you, and would you like them to be incorporated into your healthcare?
8. Access to Healthcare: John mentions obtaining  testosterone online and receiving HIV medication by mail. Understanding  his access to healthcare and the reliability of these sources is crucial  (Ball et al., 2023). Questions could include:
   • How have you been obtaining your medications, and do you have concerns about their source or quality?
   • Have you faced any barriers to accessing healthcare, such as cost or transportation?

Sensitivity to John’s unique experiences and challenges related to  his gender identity, unemployment, substance use, mental health, and HIV  status is essential to providing patient-centered care. Building  rapport and trust through open and non-judgmental communication is key  to addressing his healthcare needs effectively.

 

Answer the questions below based on the following case study.

A 41-year-old man presents to his PCP with feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and helplessness. He says that he cries for no reason, and has difficulty sleeping. He noticed that the problems began about 6 weeks before, and he did not feel able to shrug them off. He has been drinking more alcohol than usual and has stopped going to work. When on his own, he admitted that he had thought of driving his car into the nearest canal.

1. Summarize the clinical case.
2. What is the DSM 5-TR diagnosis based on the information provided in the case?
3. Which pharmacological treatment would you prescribe including the name, dose, route and frequency of the drug in accordance with the clinical guidelines? Include the rationale for this treatment.
4. Which non-pharmacological treatment would you prescribe according to the clinical guidelines? Include the rationale for this treatment excluding a psychotherapeutic modality.
5. Include an assessment of the treatment’s appropriateness, cost, effectiveness, safety, and potential for patient adherence to the chosen medication. Use a local pharmacy to research the cost of the medication and provide the most cost-effective choice for the patient. Use great detail when answering questions 3-5.

Submission Instructions:

• Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in the current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.  Your initial post is worth 8 points.
• You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.) 
• All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.
• Please post your initial response by 11:59 PM ET Thursday, and comment on the posts of two classmates by 11:59 PM ET Sunday.
• Late work policies, expectations regarding proper citations, acceptable means of responding to peer feedback, and other expectations are at the discretion of the instructor.
• You can expect feedback from the instructor within 48 to 72 hours from the Sunday due date.

Review the agenda priorities of the current/sitting U.S. president and at least one previous presidential administration. Select an issue related to healthcare that was addressed by two U.S. presidential administrations (current and previous). Consider how you would communicate the importance of a healthcare issue to a legislator/policymaker or a member of their staff for inclusion on an agenda.