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 Many of us can think of leaders we have come to admire, be they historical figures, pillars of the industry we work in, or leaders we know personally. The leadership of individuals such as Abraham Lincoln and Margaret Thatcher has been studied and discussed repeatedly. However, you may have interacted with leaders you feel demonstrated equally competent leadership without ever having a book written about their approaches.

What makes great leaders great? Every leader is different, of course, but one area of commonality is the leadership philosophy that great leaders develop and practice. A leadership philosophy is basically an attitude held by leaders that acts as a guiding principle for their behavior. While formal theories on leadership continue to evolve over time, great leaders seem to adhere to an overarching philosophy that steers their actions.

What is your leadership philosophy? In this Assignment, you will explore what guides your own leadership. 

To Prepare:

• Identify two to three scholarly resources, in addition to this Module’s readings, that evaluate the impact of leadership behaviors in creating healthy work environments.
• Reflect on the leadership behaviors presented in the three resources that you selected for review.
• Reflect on your results of the CliftonStrengths Assessment*, and consider how the results relate to your leadership traits.

*not required to submit CliftonStrengths Assessment

The Assignment (2-3 pages):

Personal Leadership Philosophies

Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader. Use the scholarly resources on leadership you selected to support your philosophy statement. Your personal leadership philosophy should include the following:

• A description of your core values.
• A personal mission and vision statement.
• An analysis of your CliftonStrengths Assessment summarizing the results of your profile
• A description of two key behaviors that you wish to strengthen.
• A development plan that explains how you plan to improve upon the two key behaviors you selected and an explanation of how you plan to achieve your personal vision. Be specific and provide examples.
• Be sure to incorporate your colleagues’ feedback on your CliftonStrengths Assessment from this Module’s Discussion 2.

• Review the Learning Resources below. Pay particular attention to the featured frameworks/models, below, in the White, Dudley-Brown, and Terhaar text.
• Identify the translation science framework or model that is most relevant to your practice problem from among the following three models and consider your reasoning:
  • Roger’s Diffusion of Innovations (pp. 36–39);
  • Knowledge-to-Action (pp. 42–45);
  • Theory of Reasoned Action (pp. 66–67).
• Assess your understanding of “translation science” and how you would explain it in the context of evidence-based practice and quality improvement.

With these thoughts in mind …

Post an explanation of the translation science framework or model that you selected and explain why it is most relevant to your practice problem. Be specific and provide examples and at least 3 references
learning resources:

• White, K. M., Dudley-Brown, S., & Terhaar, M. F. (Eds.). (2019). Translation of evidence into nursing and healthcare (3rd ed.). Springer.
  • Chapter 2, “The Science of Translation and Major Frameworks” (pp. 27–58)
    (Review from Week 4)
  • Chapter 3, “Change Theory and Models: Framework for Translation” (pp. 59–73)
• Boehm, L. M., Stolldorf, D. P., & Jeffery, A. D. (2020). Implementation science training and resources for nurses and nurse scientistsLinks to an external site.. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12510

 

Go to the ANA home page and search for their Advocacy Policy. Read through the ANA Advocacy Policy’s web pages.

Look at issues at a federal, state, or local level for which the ANA is advocating change or new policies.

Which one are you most eager to see enacted? Why does it interest you? How will passage of such legislation affect you or your patients?

https://www.nursingworld.org/

Week 4 ion channel —2 Peer Response 800w. due9-26-23

Instructions:

Please read and respond to the two peers' initial postings for week 2 below. Consider the following questions in your responses.

Compare and contrast your initial posting with those of your peers.  

1. How are they similar or how are they different?

2. What information can you add that would help support the responses of your peers?

3. Ask your peers a question for clarification about their post.

4. What most interests you about their responses? 

5. Summaries at least 1 evidence based article that supports there point.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

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Response 1 400 words mam

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Differentiate between the opening of a ligand-gated ion channel and a voltage-sensitive ion channel.

·         In the nervous system, there are two important types of ion channels: voltage-gated ion channels and ligand-gated ion channels. Both of these ion channels play crucial roles in transmitting electrical signals, often referred to as messages, throughout the nervous system. Each type of channel has its own specific mechanism for opening and closing. These ion channel proteins are influenced by various stimuli or external factors, which can trigger their activation or deactivation within the cell's plasma membrane (Xiao-Yu, 2023). 

·         Ligand-gated ion channels, as their name suggests, require a ligand to open. Ligands are chemical messengers that can bind to protein receptors on the channel. In simpler terms, when a specific chemical, such as a neurotransmitter, binds to the channel's receptor, it triggers a conformational change in the protein channel. As a result, the channel gains the ability to open, allowing ions (usually Na+, K+, or Cl-) to flow through the channel pore (Stahl, 2021). Ligands can include neurotransmitters, hormones, medications, and other molecules. Each ligand-gated ion channel has a specific binding site for its particular ligand. Most ligand-gated ion channels are located at synapses. When neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, they can bind to their specific binding sites on ligand-gated ion channels found in the post-synaptic cell membrane. This binding facilitates the transfer of signals. Ligand-gated channels are known for their rapid response and are well-suited for fast synaptic transmissions (Stahl, 2021).

·         Voltage-gated ion channels are distinct from ligand-gated channels in that they respond to changes in electrical charge, specifically the membrane potential, rather than chemical ligands. These ion channels are regulated by alterations in the voltage across the cell membrane. The distribution of positive and negative ions on either side of the cell membrane varies. Typically, during the resting state, the inside of the cell membrane carries a more negative charge compared to the outside. When a signal is potent enough to elevate the positive voltage within the cell membrane, reaching a critical threshold, the voltage-gated channels open (depolarization). During the depolarization period, voltage-gated ion channels allow the transfer of ions, which initiates an action potential. Various stimuli or external factors have the capability to trigger the activation or deactivation of voltage-gated channel proteins present within the cell's plasma membrane. Voltage-sensitive channels are distributed along the axons and dendrites of neurons throughout the nervous system. Additionally, they can be found in other excitable cell types, including muscle and cardiac cells (Stahl, 2021).

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References

· Stahl, S. M. (2021). 
Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical application (5th ed.).

· Xiao-Yu, D. (2023). Calcium ion channels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
 Journal of Fungi, 9(5), 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9050524

Response 2. 400 words mc

Compare and contrast the two different major classes of ion channels.

The two major classes of ion channels according to Stahl (2021), are 
ligand-gated ion channels, ionotropic receptors and ion-channel-linked receptors and 
voltage-sensitive or voltage-gated ion channels. Ligand-gated ion channels are ion channels that are closed and opened by actions of neurotransmitter ligands at receptors acting as gatekeepers. The neurotransmitter binds to the gatekeeper receptor, which in turn causes a conformational change in the receptor, opening the ion channel. The receptors regulate the opening and closing of the ion channels and are therefore ligand-gated ion channels. On the other hand, the opening and closing of voltage-sensitive or voltage-gated ion channels is regulated by voltage potential or ionic charge across the membrane in which they reside (Stahl, 2021).

Explain the difference between full agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists.

The action of full agonists is to change the conformation of the receptor to open the ion channel the maximum amount and frequency allowed by the binding site (Stahl, 2021). Consequently, the maximum amount of downside signal transduction is triggered and medicated by the binding site. In contrast, partial agonists change the receptor conformation to open the ion channel to a greater extent and more frequently than its resting state (Stahl, 2021). As a result, the downstream signal transduction and ion flow produced in the absence of an agonist is greater than the resting state but less than that of full agonists.

Antagonists, on the other hand, stabilize the receptor in the resting state, which is similar to the state of the receptor in the absence of agonist (Stahl, 2021). Antagonists are said to be silent or neutral because the resting state is the same in the absence or presence of an antagonist. The resting state of an antagonist is not a fully closed ion channel and as a result, some degree of ion flow through the channel even in the absence of an agonist and in the presence of antagonist. Inverse agonists are neither neutral nor silent like the antagonists. They produce a conformational change in the receptors at ligand-gated ion channels causing the channel to close first, then stabilizing it in an inactive form. As a result of inactive conformation action of inverse agonists, ion flow and signal transduction are functionally reduced compared to the resting state. The action of inverse agonists is reversed by antagonists (Stahl, 2021).

References

Stahl, S. M. (2021). 
Stahl's essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical applications (5th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

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