The problem-solving model was first laid out by Helen Perlman. Her seminal 1957 book, Social Casework: A Problem-Solving Process, described the problem-solving model and the 4Ps. Since then, other scholars and practitioners have expanded the problem-solving model and problem-solving therapy. At the heart of problem-solving model and problem-solving therapy is helping clients identify the problem and the goal, generating options, evaluating the options, and then implementing the plan.

Because models are blueprints and are not necessarily theories, it is common to use a model and then identify a theory to drive the conceptualization of the client’s problem, assessment, and interventions. Take, for example, the article by Westefeld and Heckman-Stone (2003). Note how the authors use a problem-solving model as the blueprint in identifying the steps when working with clients who have experienced sexual assault. On top of the problem-solving model, the authors employed crisis theory, as this theory applies to the trauma of going through sexual assault. Observe how, starting on page 229, the authors incorporated crisis theory to their problem-solving model.

In this Final Case Assignment, using the same case study that you chose in Week 2, you will use the problem-solving model AND a theory from the host of different theoretical orientations you have used for the case study.

You will prepare a PowerPoint presentation consisting of 11 to 12 slides, and you will use the Personal Capture function of Kaltura to record both audio and video of yourself presenting your PowerPoint presentation.

To prepare:

• Review and focus on the case study that you chose in Week 2.
• Review the problem-solving model, focusing on the five steps of the problem-solving model formulated by D’Zurilla on page 388 in the textbook.
• In addition, review this article listed in the Learning Resources: Westefeld, J. S., & Heckman-Stone, C. (2003). The integrated problem-solving model of crisis intervention: Overview and application. The Counseling Psychologist, 31(2), 221–239. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1177/0011000002250638

CASE STUDY: TIFFANI BRADLEY

You were introduced to the concept of accountability in Chapter 15. The Balanced Score Card was introduced in Chapter 17.  The Balanced Scorecard is a business tool that has grown in popularity.  It provides a quick overview of the several performance measures in several areas of the organization.  Some managers feel that whatever gets measured will get improved simply because it is getting additional attention.  As you will see in Chapter 17, however, not everyone agrees that the scorecard is an effective performance management tool.

Emma is on the fence as well.  She would like you to research the Balanced Scorecard concept and share your recommendations as to whether or not CM Tech should adopt the tool.

Your research paper for Emma should include the following key elements: 

1. Provide an overview of the balanced scorecard that describes what the scorecard is and what a management team would hope to accomplish by using one. 
2. Debate the tool:  Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using a Balanced Scorecard.
3. Develop your recommendation to Emma as to whether or not CM Tech should adopt the Balanced Scorecard.  Be sure to fully support your recommendation with reasoning, examples, and research.

Your report should outline the key concepts in each area listed above and provide examples as appropriate.  Be sure your report is a minimum of 5 pages, includes an introduction and conclusion paragraph, title page, and references page.  The title and references pages do not count toward the total page count.  

Provide a minimum of 10 PowerPoint slides with audio and audio notes and additional title and references slides. 

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Module 8: Discussion Forum

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Leaders don’t always know about, understand, or recognize the many leadership theories that are in operation each day within organizations. Leadership theories provide the foundation for motivation and leadership, helping us to form ideas and setting the stage for strategies and goals. 

1. Name one leadership theory that realistically could be in place and exhibited by supervisors/employees without their even knowing it. Explain your answer and back it up with research. 
2. Discuss how the leadership theory is put in place to motivate, nurture, and increase performance of employees or followers. 
3. Practical Application: Describe a situation where you or another colleague had to make a tough decision at work. What leadership or decision-making theory was at play? Did you recognize this at the time? If not, might you have used more intricate pieces of the theory to make the situation go smoothly? 

Note: If you do not have a work experience upon which to base this answer, you may research an organization or leader, but name the organization and provide evidence of your research (e.g., a newspaper article, for example, that describes the scenario).