Module 01 Content

1.

Top of Form

Many people in the US, particularly the elderly, take more than one prescribed medication. CDC (2014) reported that between 2009 and 2012 nearly 48% of persons asked used at least one prescription drug, 22% used three or more prescription drugs, and nearly 11% used five or more.

In a recent study published by the Mayo Clinic, seven out of 10 Americans take at least one prescription drug. The most commonly prescribed drug is antibiotics — taken by 17 percent of Americans — followed by antidepressants and opioids — each taken by 13 percent of Americans. In addition, findings showed that:

· Even more staggering than the CDC findings, currently more than half of Americans take two prescription medications, and 20 percent of Americans are on at least five prescription medications.

· More women than men receive prescription medications.

· Antidepressant prescriptions are more common among women than men and are most common among women ages 50 to 64.

When people take multiple medications, there is a greater risk of confusion about which medications are taken when they are taken, and what they are being taken for. There is also a higher risk for drug interactions and increased side effects and adverse reactions.

Sometimes because of the sheer number of medications being prescribed, they may be forgotten, become too much of a bother, or a financial burden which can significantly impact client compliance and lead to poor health outcomes.

In this written assignment, you will be interviewing a client who is taking multiple prescribed medications (three or more) and submitting a written paper describing the findings from the interview. You will then develop a Client Teaching Plan. Your instructor will assist you in the selection of the client. You must achieve a “pass” in this assignment to satisfactorily fulfill the requirements for the Pharmacology course.

The three parts of this assignment are:

Interview with a client who is taking multiple medications (polypharmacy). You must prepare the client before the interview by explaining why you are conducting the interview. You can say “My assignment is to find out about the medications you are taking so I can determine if you need more information about what you are taking”. You must always get permission from the client to conduct the interview and you must tell the client how the information will be used. You can say, “I will not be using your name in the information I share and I will be submitting it to my instructor only for this student assignment”. If there is important information that needs to be communicated to you, your doctor, family, or nurse, my instructor will assist me in following up on this”. Tell the client you will take no more than 30-45 minutes for the interview.

There may be a family member or significant other present during the interview. That is fine. Be sure to identify who answered a question and if possible always have the client answer first. Always thank the client (and others) when you complete the interview.

Do not use recording equipment for this interview. Have a notepad and pencil or pen and explain that you will be taking notes. When the interview is over, go to a quiet place and take some time to fill in any information you did not jot down. If you wait, you will not remember.

When setting the environment for the interview, make sure the client (and others) are comfortable and you are comfortably seated facing the client. If possible, interview in a quiet place. Ask questions slowly giving the client time to answer. Pay attention to the client's hearing and ability to respond to the questions. Be sure your non-verbal communication demonstrates you are calm and relaxed.

Use the following interview question guidelines when conducting the interview. Be aware that the client may not be able to answer each of the questions with detailed information. Collect as much information as the client is able and willing to give you. Remember you are the interviewer so you will be collecting information and not making any comments about the information shared by the client except to ask for further clarification if you are not sure what was said or need more detail if it is available.

1. What medications are you taking?

1. Before the interview research each of the medications. In your paper include the reason for each medication, the drug classification, the route of administration, the dose, and possible side effects/adverse reactions.

For the following questions, paraphrase the client's answers for your written paper.

1. How long have you taken each of these medications?

1. Do you know why you are taking these medications?

1. Who told you about the medications and why do you need to take them? Were you able to ask any questions about the medications and if so were they answered so you understood what was said?

1. How do you feel about taking these medications?

1. Are you taking other medication purchased “over the counter” such as in a drug store? If so, what is it and why are you taking it?

1. How and when do you take your medications?

1. Do you have any difficulty taking the medications? If so, what happens and how do you deal with any difficulties?

1. Have you ever felt any uncomfortable feelings and body reactions to taking these medications? If so, what were they and how were they handled?

1. If you had the above reaction, did they take you off the medication and replace it with another medication? Were you told why this happened?

1. Do you have any reason not to take the medications?

1. Have you ever not taken the medication? If so, what was the reason?

Ask a final question about whether the client would like to tell you anything further about their medications.

Write a paper describing your research and findings about the medications being taken and the interview results. Report your findings in a 3-5 page written paper. In your paper include the reason for each medication, the drug classification, the route of administration, the dose, and possible side effects/adverse reactions.

Use accurate and appropriate spelling and grammar and APA Editorial Format for sources used in your written paper.

Develop a teaching plan for this client based on your findings. Based on the findings from the interview, develop a 2-3 page teaching plan to include the following:

1. List one goal for this teaching plan

1. Describe two to three teaching resources that might be used

1. Identify two teaching strategies that can be used based on the client interviewed

1. List specific client instructions regarding the medications what adverse reactions they should be aware of/and what to do

1. Identify at least one factor that may negatively influence adherence to the medications and how it can be overcome

1. If, appropriate, describe how the family might be involved in ensuring the client is on a proper and safe medication regime

Bottom of Form

Clearly, diagnosis is a critical aspect of healthcare. However, the ultimate purpose of a diagnosis is the development and application of a series of treatments or protocols. Isolated recognition of a health issue does little to resolve it.

In this module’s Discussion, you applied the Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory to diagnose potential problems with the civility of your organization. In this Portfolio Assignment, you will continue to analyze the results and apply published research to the development of a proposed treatment for any issues uncovered by the assessment.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and examine the Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory, found on page 20 of Clark (2015).
• Review the Work Environment Assessment Template*.
• Reflect on the output of your Discussion post regarding your evaluation of workplace civility and the feedback received from colleagues.
• Select and review one or more of the following articles found in the Resources:
  • Clark, Olender, Cardoni, and Kenski (2011)
  • Clark (2018)
  • Clark (2015)
  • Griffin and Clark (2014)

*Template completed in the Week 7 discussion should not be submitted with this assignment.

The Assignment (3-6 pages total):

Part 1: Work Environment Assessment (1-2 pages)

• Review the Work Environment Assessment Template you completed for this Module’s Discussion.
• Describe the results of the Work Environment Assessment you completed on your workplace.
• Identify two things that surprised you about the results and one idea you believed prior to conducting the Assessment that was confirmed.
• Explain what the results of the Assessment suggest about the health and civility of your workplace.

Part 2: Reviewing the Literature (1-2 pages)

• Briefly describe the theory or concept presented in the article(s) you selected.
• Explain how the theory or concept presented in the article(s) relates to the results of your Work Environment Assessment.
• Explain how your organization could apply the theory highlighted in your selected article(s) to improve organizational health and/or create stronger work teams. Be specific and provide examples.

Part 3: Evidence-Based Strategies to Create High-Performance Interprofessional Teams (1–2 pages)

• Recommend at least two strategies, supported in the literature, that can be implemented to address any shortcomings revealed in your Work Environment Assessment.
• Recommend at least two strategies that can be implemented to bolster successful practices revealed in your Work Environment Assessment.

For many students enrolled in NR501, this is an initial course for nursing theory. So, let’s have a debate. Is nursing theory important to the nursing profession? In particular, is it important for nurse practitioners? Does theory inform nurse practitioner practice? If you believe that it is important, explain why it is useful. If you do not believe that it is useful, explain why nursing theory is not necessary to the profession.  

Assignment topic for Communication:

Under the communication topic is the idea of advanced directives. The  advance directive idea has grown from basic forms that can be found in  the state statutes to very refined documents such as Five Wishes or  POLST or MOLST. But to start this topic we can access the Florida State  statutes and see what the State of Florida has to offer as a advance  directive. Here is the direct link to the Florida State Statute 765.101 https://www.caringinfo.org/planning/advance-directives/by-state/florida/ 

 Links to an external site. 

Scroll down to “Download Florida Advance Directive” This will give  you an idea about the contents of the standard State form using the  Florida one as an example. If you list the main parts it will give you  an idea about the types of choices these forms allow for which are not  exactly detailed or extensive in content. Now if you were to open a Five  Wishes form: https://www.fivewishes.org/five-wishes-sample.pdf 

 Links to an external site. and compare to the earlier State form it becomes obvious the difference. 

As a variation on the same theme there is also the POLST form which  also gives several choices as a type of advance directive form. This  will be our discussion for the communication module.

Assignment: Compare  the two methods of Advanced Directives, that is the State of Florida  form with either the Five Wishes or the POLST form and describe the  following:

a) What are the differences between the forms?

b) Why do you think that there are differences between the forms?

c) What is accomplished by the newer generation of advanced directive (eg. Five Wishes or POLST)?

d) Which form would you rather have as a patient? and why?

Your answer should be at least 300 words and have a reference to it.  You should comply with APA 7th ed guidelines and answer all of the  questions clearly and completely.

Respond to the following prompts: 

· How has learning about the history of research ethics impacted your view of biomedical research?

· In looking at the studies you reviewed for your PICOT question, do you feel that today’s researchers adequately protect the rights of human subjects? If not, what additional measures do you recommend?