Step 1: Reflect on your personal views related to nurses’ being appointed to boards, organizations or other policy forming entities.

Step 2: Post a response to the discussion board by addressing the following questions:

1. Why would a nurse want to seek an appointed position in government?
2. How would you prepare for consideration to an appointed position?
3. Use research and give examples of how nurses in various appointed positions  can affect public policy .

Cite any sources in 7th ed. APA format.

Select Reply to join the discussion.  See rubric for grading details. You can find this by clicking the three dots to the top right of this thread.

Response Posts: In your responses to your classmates, contribute to the discussion with your own original opinions about why a nurse would seek an appointed position in government and offer other examples of how nurses can affect public policy.

Week 3 ion channel —3 Peer Response 800w. due9-20-23

Instructions:

Please read and respond to the two peers' initial postings for week 2 below. Consider the following questions in your responses.

Compare and contrast your initial posting with those of your peers.  

1. How are they similar or how are they different?

2. What information can you add that would help support the responses of your peers?

3. Ask your peers a question for clarification about their post.

4. What most interests you about their responses? 

5. Summaries at least 1 evidence based article that supports there point.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

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Response 1 400 words

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Week 3 Discussion: Ion Channels

Compare and contrast the two different major classes of ion channels.

The two different major classes of ion channels are ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated ion channels, both of which are membrane proteins that play a vital role in regulating cell membrane potential and neuron communication (Stahl, 2021). Ligand-gated ion channels are also referred to as ionotropic receptors, this is because LGIC is both a receptor and channel and thus serves a dual function (Stahl, 2021). LGIC are made of amino acids and contain multiple binding sites to bind ligands such as neurotransmitters, ions, and drugs, allowing ions to either bind to a receptor or travel through the channel (Stahl, 2021). Voltage-gated ion channels are channels that mediate nerve conduction, action potential, and neurotransmitter release (Stahl, 2021). These channels are controlled by the change in ionic charge or voltage across the cell membrane (Stahl, 2021). Voltage-gated ion channels tend to be more selective, allowing the influx of only one ion at a time, whereas ligand-gated channels are less selective in nature and allow different types of ions to pass through the channel (Alberts, 2002).

Explain the difference between full agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists.

An agonist is a ligand that binds to a receptor changing its state to result in a response (Stahl, 2021). The difference between full agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, and inverse agonist is that a full agonist leads to maximum signal transduction, whereas a partial agonist does not reach maximum signal transduction even with full receptor occupancy and can act as an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist (Stahl, 2021). Antagonists, on the other hand, is a ligand that binds to a receptor inhibiting its agonist-stimulated response (Stahl, 2021). Inverse agonists are ligands that when binding to a receptor cause a decrease in signal transduction, thus, their effect is the opposite of an agonist (Stahl, 2021).

References

Alberts, B. (2002). Ion channels and the electrical properties of membranes. Molecular Biology of the Cell – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26910/

Stahl, S. M. (2021). Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108975292

Response 2. 400 words

1.
Compare and contrast the two different major classes of ion channels.

To start this discussion board I would like to define what are ion channels. Ion channels are membrane proteins, which play a major role in regulating cellular excitability. There are 3 major ion channels but for this homework assignment, I will compare and contrast voltage-gated ion channels and Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (LGIC).

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Ligand-gated ion channels open when a chemical ligand such as a neurotransmitter binds to the protein (Libretexts, 2023).

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Voltage channels open and close in response to changes in membrane potential (Libretexts, 2023). Ion channels can be classified by how they respond to the environment.

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Ligand-gated ion channel’s permeability is greatly increased when some type of chemical ligand binds to the protein structure (Libretexts, 2023)

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Voltage-gated channels respond to disturbances in cell membrane potential and are highly selective for specific ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride (Ratan, 2018).

1.
Explain the difference between full agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists.

Full agonists	Partial agonist	Antagonist	Inverse agonists
A molecule or chemical compound that can bind to a receptor and activate the receptor therefore causing a biological response (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)	A molecule or chemical compound that can bind to a receptor and “weakly activate the receptor below maximum response (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)	A molecule or chemical compound that binds to the receptor but does not cause any activation in the receptor, therefore not causing any biological response (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)	Molecule of chemical compound that can bind to a receptor leading to deactivation, and decreasing the baseline activity of the receptor (Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, 2019)

References:

Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist. PharmaEducation. (2023, August 11). https://pharmaeducation.net/agonist-partial-agonist-antagonist-inverse-agonist/

Libretexts. (2023, January 17). 10.5b: Ion Channels. Medicine LibreTexts. https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/10%3A_Overview_of_the_Nervous_System/10.5%3A_Neurophysiology/10.5B%3A_Ion_Channels

Ratan , N. (2018, October 26). Types of ion channels in the body. News. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of-Ion-Channels-

 

To Prepare:

• Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.

Resources:

 

• Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Chapter 3, “Government Response: Legislation” (pp. 37–56)
  • Chapter 10, “Overview: The Economics and Finance of Health Care” (pp. 180–183 only)
• Congress.govLinks to an external site.. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.congress.gov/
• Taylor, D., Olshansky, E., Fugate-Woods, N., Johnson-Mallard, V., Safriet, B. J., & Hagan, T. (2017). Corrigendum to position statement: Political interference in sexual and reproductive health research and health professional education. Nursing Outlook, 65(2), 346–350Links to an external site..
• United States House of RepresentativesLinks to an external site.. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.house.gov/
• United States SenateLinks to an external site.. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.senate.gov/
• United States Senate. (n.d.). Senate organization chart for the 117th CongressLinks to an external site..  https://www.senate.gov/reference/org_chart.htm
• Document: Legislation Grid Template (Word document)

 The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Legislation Grid; 1-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)Be sure to add a title page, an introduction, purpose statement, and a conclusion. This is an APA paper.Part 1: Legislation GridBased on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:

• Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.
• Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.
• Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.
• Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?

Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy StatementBased on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:

• Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.
• Explain how the social determinants of income, age, education, or gender affect this legislation.
• Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.
• At least 2 outside resources and 2-3 course specific resources are used.

 

 

Although nurses take active leadership roles in hospitals throughout the U.S., they are underrepresented on hospital boards. Since a 2011 survey found that only 6%Links to an external site. of board members in 1000 hospitals were nurses (meanwhile 20% were physicians) there has been a push toward including nurses in the boardroom. As part of this push, a national coalition of organizations, including the American Nurses Association (ANA), the American Academy of Nursing (AAN), and the American Nurses Foundation (ANF) among 18 other nationally-recognized organizations, has been formed to create the Nurses on Boards CoalitionLinks to an external site., which seeks to implement a comprehensive strategy that will “bring nurses’ valuable perspective to governing boards, as well as state-level and national commissions.” With big players like AARP and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation backing this initiative, it is likely their recommendation that nurses play bigger roles in “improving the health of all Americans” will see mores nurses becoming movers and shakers not only in their field but also in hospitals as a whole.

After completing the required readings identified above, please respond to the following prompt:

Choose one of the ten barriers identified in Addressing Barriers in Leadership for Nurses and search the library databases for at least one quality/scholarly article that pertains to the barrier and discuss/share the findings in the article.  Does the article support or refute the concept of the barrier?  What questions are left unanswered in the article?

 

briefly describe one community health problem from your community’s health improvement plan. What structure, process, and outcome standards would you use to evaluate a program addressing this problem?

 Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.