Discuss the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of your assigned disease process. Which clinical manifestations observed in Bayani’s case could be explained by the pathophysiological mechanisms?  Cirrhosis can have multiple etiologies including hepatitis, metabolic syndrome (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), and alcohol abuse over a long period of time (Mayo Clinic, 2025). Cirrhosis is the process of […]

  The opioid epidemic in the United States has raised critical concerns about the appropriate use of opioids for chronic pain management. As advanced nursing practice pharmacology students, understanding the risks, benefits, and evidence-based strategies is essential. How to safely approach chronic pain patients while minimizing the potential for opioid misuse and overdose? Every student […]

 Reply the following discussion in APA style, No IA, use 150 words or more, Turnitin less than 20 %, 2 or more references. The opioid epidemic has significantly impacted healthcare practices in the United States, highlighting the importance of safe and effective chronic pain management. Advanced practice nurses (APNs) must balance the necessity of treating […]