In this Discussion, you will transform a clinical inquiry into a searchable question in PICO(T) format, so you can search the electronic databases more effectively and efficiently. You will share this PICO(T) question and examine strategies you might use to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on your PICO(T) question.

Review the Resources for guidance and develop a PICO(T) question of interest to you for further study. It is suggested that an Intervention-type PICOT question be developed as these seem to work best for this course. 

Post a brief description of your clinical issue of interest. This clinical issue will remain the same for the entire course and will be the basis for the development of your PICOT question. Describe your search results in terms of the number of articles returned on original research and how this changed as you added search terms using your Boolean operators. Finally, explain strategies you might make to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on your PICO(T) question. Be specific and provide examples.

• Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2023). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
  • Chapter 2, “Asking Compelling Clinical Questions” (pp. 37–60)
  • Chapter 3, “Finding Relevant Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions” (pp. 62–104)
• Davies, K. S. (2011). Formulating the evidence based practice question: A review of the frameworks for LIS professionals. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 6(2), 75–80.
• Library of Congress. (n.d.). Search/browse help – Boolean operators and nesting. Retrieved September 19, 2018, from https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/searchBoolean.html
• Stillwell, S. B., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., & Williamson, K. M. (2010). Evidence-based practice, step by step: Asking the clinical question: A key step in evidence-based practice. American Journal of Nursing, 110(3), 58–61.
• Melnyk, B. M., Fineout-Overholt, E., Stillwell, S. B., & Williamson, K. M. (2009).Evidence-based practice: Step by step: Igniting a spirit of inquiry. American Journal of Nursing, 109(11), 49–52. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000363354.53883.58
• Stillwell, S.B., Fineout-Overhold, E., Melnyk, B.M., & Williamson, K.M. (2010). Evidence-based practice step-by-step: Searching for evidence. American Journal of Nursing, 110(5), 41-47.
• Walden University Library. (n.d.-a). Databases A-Z: Nursing.Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981
• Walden University Library. (n.d.-c).Evidence-based practice research: CINAHL search help. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/cinahlsearchhelp
• Walden University Library. (n.d.-d). Evidence-based practice research: Joanna Briggs Institute search help. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/jbisearchhelp
• Walden University Library. (n.d.-e). Evidence-based practice research: MEDLINE search help. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/medlinesearchhelp
• Walden University Library. (n.d.-f). Keyword searching: Finding articles on your topic: Boolean terms. Retrieved September 19, 2018, from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/boolean
• Walden University Library. (n.d.-g). Keyword searching: Finding articles on your topic: Introduction to keyword searching. Retrieved September 19, 2018, from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/searching-basics 
• Walden University Library. (n.d.-h). Quick Answers: How do I find a systematic review article related to health, medicine, or nursing? Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicanswers.waldenu.edu/faq/72670
• Walden University Library. (n.d.-i). Systematic review.Retrieved January 22, 2020, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/types#s-lg-box-1520654

Define and describe the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. Include clinical manifestations, evaluation, & treatment.

1: Title • Title: Understanding Asthma and COPD

• Subtitle: Essential Knowledge for Nurse Practitioners 

2: Introduction

• Brief overview of the importance of Anti-inflammatory Drugs (Glucocorticoids) and Bronchodilators in healthcare. 

• Mention the aim of the presentation: to provide an understanding of different types of Anti-inflammatory Drugs (Glucocorticoids) and Bronchodilators and their clinical applications. 

3: Management of asthma and COPD 

• Classification of asthma severity 

• Classification of COPD (air flow limitation severity)

4: Types of drug treatments

• Detail the two main categories: Oral and Inhaled Anti-inflammatory drugs (Glucocorticoids) and bronchodilators 

• Mention common examples from each category. 

5: Oral Anti-inflammatory drugs (Glucocorticoids, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors) and bronchodilators (Methylxanthine)

• Discuss commonly used oral Glucocorticoids like Prednisone, Montelukast, Roflumilast and Theophylline.

• Emphasize their indications, dosages, and monitoring requirements.

6: Inhaled Anti-inflammatory drugs (Glucocorticoids) and bronchodilators (Anticholinergic, b2 adrenergic agonist)

• Explain the use of inhaled drugs such as Beclomethasone, Cromolyn, Ipratropium, Tiotropium, and Albuterol, Salmeterol.

• Describe when and how these are administered (types of inhalation devices, Meter-dose inhalers, dry-powder inhaler, and nebulizers). 

7: Anti-inflammatory drugs (Monoclonal antibodies) 

• Highlight the benefits and considerations (Blackbox warning) of Omalizumab

8: Monitoring and Safety 

• Discuss the importance of regular monitoring therapy. 

• Address safety concerns.

10: Patient Education 

• Provide key points for patient education regarding Anti-inflammatory drugs (Glucocorticoids) and bronchodilators therapy.

• Emphasize compliance.

11: Conclusion 

• Summarize key takeaways from the presentation.

• Reiterate the importance of nurse practitioners’ role in managing Asthma and COPD therapy. 

12 Resources

• Provide references and recommended readings for further learning.

The group PPT should have a minimum of 20 slides and no more than 40 with speaker notes. (Including group members, outline, reference page). Reference and citations must be in APA format 6th or 7th Ed. 

The presentation should be directed to the pharmacological management of the disease. It should include the following: Drug indications, drug classification, generic name and most common brand name, mechanism of action, side effects, drug interactions, use of the drug in different populations and important pearls.

 

Epidemiology and the stages of disease prevention

In this activity, you will apply the concept of prevention in terms of stages to a chronic disease control strategy in your country and consider the ways in which epidemiology can inform public health intervention.

Step 1: Review Table 6.1 “Levels of prevention” found on page 104 in this resource: Basic Epidemiology. (see attachment here) 

WHOBasicEpidemiology.pdf

Step 2: Choose one non-communicable chronic disease that is either prevalent in your community and one that you should know about as an APN.  

Step 3: Briefly describe several actions the APN, the state and US could take to contribute to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of your chosen chronic disease.  

Please address each of the following points in 200 to 300 words:

Primary: Briefly research (using online resources from a government, university, or professional association) and summarize the common risk factors for your chosen disease. Explain one or more actions your state/country could take to reduce the population’s exposure to one or more of these risk factors. (Note: Specify if you are recommending a strategy that targets the entire population or only high-risk individuals. ‘Population strategy’ and ‘High-risk individual strategy’ are described on pages 105-108 of the activity resource.)

Secondary: Briefly describe at least one common screening test for your chronic disease, and one or more actions your state/country could take to increase access to or increase public awareness of the benefits of this test. (Government websites are often a good place to get information about screening programs in your country. For example, information on cancer screening in the U.S.A. can be found here: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/)

Tertiary: Summarize one or more actions the healthcare system in your state/country could take to reduce the progression or complications of the disease you chose to focus on. (For example, you could describe the treatment, rehabilitation, or any other approaches that would help people, with the chronic disease, live longer and healthier lives).

Please be sure to adhere to the following when posting your weekly discussions:

1. Students are to write their name and the appropriate discussion number/discussion title in the title bar for each discussion. For example Discussion 1: Micheal Cabrera or Discussion 3: Sheila Smith. This is important in identifying that students are submitting original posts as well as response posts as required.

2. Students are to submit their discussions directly onto Blackboard Discussion Board Attachments submitted as discussion board posts will not be graded.

3.  As a reminder, all discussion posts must be minimum 500-550 words, references must be cited in APA format 7th Edition, and must include minimum of 3 scholarly resources published within the past 5-7 years (not part of the classroom coursework).  

Journal/Overview -The journal document should be 3-4 pages in length. No citations are required, and no specific formatting is needed. Utilize appropriate grammar and mechanics of writing.

Refer to the journal submission you completed in Unit 1 and reflect on the following:

Topic: The use of pharmacology in advanced practice.

1. How has your knowledge of pharmacology changed?

2. Do you find yourself thinking about medication use in your current employment differently? Why or why not?

3. Explain how your appreciation of the advanced practice role changed or did not change?

How do you envision using the knowledge from this course in your future advanced practice role?

You must complete this Journal submission before the Unit 10 Quiz will open.