Unit 9 peer response. ADHD Medications. 800W. APA. 4 references due 10-30-23

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Advanced Psychopharmacology and Health Promotion

Unit 9 peer response. ADHD Medications. 800W. APA. 4 references due 10-30-23.

Instructions:

Please read and respond to at least two of your peers' initial postings. You may want to consider the following questions in your responses to your peers:

· Compare and contrast your initial posting with those of your peers.  

· How are they similar or how are they different?

· What information can you add that would help support the responses of your peers?

· Ask your peers a question for clarification about their post.

· What most interests you about their responses? 

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.


Mihaela

Unit 9 – ADHD Medications

1.
What screening tools can be used to affirm your initial diagnosis that Mr. Deliver meets the criteria for ADHD?

One commonly used screening tool is the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). The ASRS consists of a series of questions that evaluate both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (Anbarasan et al., 2020). Another useful screening tool is the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS), which assesses various domains affected by ADHD, such as attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and executive functioning (Smyth et al., 2019).

2.
Further assessment determines that Mr. Deliver does meet the criteria for ADHD, inattentive type. What is the current recommendation for pharmacological treatment for Mr. Deliver?

Once it is confirmed through further assessment that Mr. Deliver meets the criteria for ADHD, inattentive type, the current recommendation for pharmacological treatment would typically involve stimulant medications such as methylphenidate or amphetamine derivatives. These medications have consistently shown efficacy in improving attention, reducing impulsivity, and enhancing executive functions in adults with ADHD (Farhat et al., 2022). Non-stimulant options like atomoxetine or viloxazine (norepinephrine modulator) may also be considered if there are contraindications or intolerance to stimulants (Mechler et al., 2022). However, considering Mr. Deliver's concerns about stigma and psychotropic medications' risks, it may be worth discussing non-pharmacological interventions as well. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has demonstrated efficacy in managing symptoms of adult ADHD. CBT can help Mr. Deliver develop strategies to improve organization skills, time management, and enhance his ability to focus on tasks (Young et al., 2020).

3.
Assume that instead of Mr. Deliver being 36 years old, Thomas is a 13-year-old male that also meets the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, hyperactive type (Thomas is not on any medications at this age). How will your pharmacological treatment change?

In the case of Thomas, a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with ADHD hyperactive type who is not currently taking any medications, the most probable treatment approach would involve the use of stimulant medications. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), stimulant medications like methylphenidate are recommended as first-line treatment options for children and adolescents with ADHD, as they have been shown effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning (Shrestha et al., 2020). However it is important to monitor growth and potential side effects in pediatric patients (Vertessen et al., 2023).

References

Anbarasan, D., Kitchin, M., & Adler, L. A. (2020). Screening for adult adhd. 
Current Psychiatry Reports, 
22(12). 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01194-9Links to an external site.

Farhat, L. C., Flores, J. M., Behling, E., Avila-Quintero, V. J., Lombroso, A., Cortese, S., Polanczyk, G. V., & Bloch, M. H. (2022). The effects of stimulant dose and dosing strategy on treatment outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. 
Molecular Psychiatry, 
27(3), 1562–1572. 

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01391-9Links to an external site.

Mechler, K., Banaschewski, T., Hohmann, S., & Häge, A. (2022). Evidence-based pharmacological treatment options for adhd in children and adolescents. 
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 
230, 107940. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107940Links to an external site.

Shrestha, M., Lautenschleger, J., & Soares, N. (2020). Non-pharmacologic management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A review. 
Translational Pediatrics, 
9(S1), S114–S124. 

https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2019.10.01Links to an external site.

Smyth, A. C., & Meier, S. T. (2016). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the conners adult adhd rating scales. 
Journal of Attention Disorders, 
23(10), 1111–1118. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715624230Links to an external site.

Vertessen, K., Luman, M., Swanson, J. M., Bottelier, M., Stoffelsen, R., Bet, P., Wisse, A., Twisk, J. R., & Oosterlaan, J. (2023). Methylphenidate dose–response in children with adhd: Evidence from a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled titration trial. 
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-023-02176-xLinks to an external site.

Young, Z., Moghaddam, N., & Tickle, A. (2016). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with adhd: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 
Journal of Attention Disorders, 
24(6), 875–888. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716664413Links to an external site.


Ruth

Unit 9: Initial Discussion ADHD Medications

What screening tools can be used to affirm your initial diagnosis that Mr. Deliver meets the criteria for ADHD?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder of childhood, with impairing symptoms persisting into adulthood in approximately 70% of cases. Several screening tools are available to help providers identify and diagnose ADHD. The World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Part A is the most commonly used screening tool for ADHD cases in adults. The tool is available in national and international ADHD guidelines.  The screening tool contains six questions that cover inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. It also includes a threshold of four or more, which is used for probable ADHD.  The score is calculated according to the number of questions that meet the criteria: sometimes endorsing/often/very often for questions 1–3 and endorsing usually/very often for questions 4–6. However, this screening, even if the patient is positive, may not have an active diagnosis of ADHD; further evaluation is required to ensure symptoms are related to ADHD diagnosis (Chamberlain et al., 2021). 

Further assessment determines that Mr. Deliver does meet the criteria for ADHD, inattentive type. What is the current recommendation for pharmacological treatment for Mr. Deliver?

According to his age and diagnosis, the current recommendation for this patient will be amphetamine 12.5 mg daily. Recommend that the patient start CBT and encourage exercise. A study showed that ADHD drugs are more effective and tolerated by children and adolescents than adults; the reason for this discrepancy is unknown. Amphetamines, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and modafinil cause weight loss in children, adolescents, and adults. Amphetamines and atomoxetine increased blood pressure in children and adolescents, and methylphenidate increased blood pressure in adults. Methylphenidate showed better symptom control with the most minor side effects for children and adolescents, and amphetamines produced the best results for adults (Gupta, 2018). 

Reference:

Chamberlain, S. R., Cortese, S., & Grant, J. E. (2021). Screening for adult ADHD using brief rating tools: What can we conclude from a positive screen? Some caveats. 
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 
106, 152224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152224

Gupta, S. (2018). Best First-Line ADHD Medications for Children, Adults: Study Results. 
Attitude. https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-drugs-methylphenidate-vs-amphetamine-treatment/

Mayo Clinic. (2023). Amphetamine (Oral Route). 

https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/amphetamine-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20150941Links to an external site.

Power point presentation

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Week 2 – Statistical Significance vs Clinical Significance

Please review the article An Overview of Statistical and Clinical Signficance in Nursing Research 

(listed in week 2) as well a view this week’s recording.  Pair up with another student(s) based on instructor instructions, being assigned a group number. Create a brief PowerPoint (or other approved media) presentation explaining:

Slide 1. The definition of Statistical Significance and Clinical Significance

Slide 2. Explain how they are individually important when looking at research.

Slide 3. Present an example, using referenced literature, of each.

Slide 4. Explain how you will utilize this difference as you review literature.

Please create a link (YouTube, Vimeo, etc) and post this recorded presentation link in the discussion board. Each person from your group needs to post in the discussion board, but the post should be titled “Group#_Significance.”

This discussion board lasts one week. Each student is expected to participating incrafting the initial post in a new thread that refers to relevant course readings, this week’s highlighted article and draws from at least one additional external reference.. Discussion board posts may incorporate personal experiences in addition to course content.

You must have these components covered to earn all points:

1. APA formatting is required

2. At least 3 References.

help

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Critique a Aanp organization

Write a 2 page critique of this meeting using APA format for any cited resources and create a document that describes: 

  1. The Organization
  2. Mission, goals, and focus
  3. Membership

deductive

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Module 03 Content

1.

Top of Form

You are a Training Specialist hired by Universal Medical Supplies, Inc. This organization has been experiencing low productivity and errors in communication in the workplace. As part of an ongoing professional development series, the Vice President of the Human Resources department has tasked you with creating Critical Thinking training materials. The materials will be presented in many forms and by various means to help improve productivity and communication in the organization.

For a short training presentation during a regional meeting, you have been asked to create a 3- to 5-minute video presentation illustrating the differences between deductive and inductive argument.

Instructions

Use PowerPoint and a video recording program such as Screencast-O-Matic to create a training video that is 3-5 minutes in length and includes the following elements:

· Bullet points with brief text that outlines deductive reasoning.

· Bullet points with brief text that outlines inductive reasoning.

· Clip art or images to accompany your text. You may use characters, cartoons, drawing tools, or other technologies to be creative.

· Narration related to the bullet points to explain:

· The principles underlying both deductive and inductive reasoning.

· Clear examples of both deductive and inductive reasoning in a workplace setting.

· References to your sources at the end of the video.

Your PowerPoint

Slide 1) Title slide 

Slides 2-3) Deductive reasoning. You’ll want to provide an example or two. Talk about the value of deduction and why it’s useful. 

Slides 4-5) Inductive reasoning. Again, provide an example or two. Discuss the value of induction and how it is used. 

Slide 6) References. Yes, they count.

Bottom of Form

What Sort of Leader Is Needed?

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Case Study

Two new associate-degree graduates were hired for the pediatric unit. Both worked three 12-hour shifts a week; Jan worked the day-to-evening shift and Rosemary worked the night shift. Whenever their shifts connected, they would compare notes on their experience. Jan felt she was learning rapidly, gaining clinical skills and beginning to feel at ease with her colleagues.

Rosemary, however, still felt unsure of herself and often isolated. There have been times that she was the only registered nurse on the unit all night. The aides and LPNs were very experienced, but Rosemary feels she is not ready for that kind of responsibility. Rosemary knows she must speak to the nurse manager about this, but she’s called several times, and she’s never available. The shift assignments are left in the staff lounge by an assistant.

Questions

Your discussion post should answer the following questions in a well-constructed commentary. Use references, in APA format, where appropriate.

  1. To what extent is this problem due to a failure to lead? Who has failed to act?
  2. What style of leadership was displayed by Rosemary? The nurse manager?
  3. How effective was their leadership? What are your suggestions for Rosemary?

Nutritional Principles in Nursing

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Adeyanju Bello

11/10/23, 2:49 PM NEW

The nurse and the patient must be aware of the interactions between medications and nutrients. The nurse must be able to ensure that the correct dose is given and that no negative interactions occur when showing the drug or explaining how to take it. The patient must comprehend and follow instructions correctly.

Fentanyl is a drug that interacts with nutrition. Fentanyl is used to treat “breakthrough” pain by altering the brain's and nervous system's response to pain. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided because they increase the amount of medicine in the body, which can lead to an overabundance of fentanyl.

Warfarin is a blood thinner that prevents blood clots from forming or developing in the blood or blood arteries. Warfarin interacts with foods when you eat a constant amount of vitamin K. Broccoli, spinach, and kale are green, leafy vegetables that can make the drug less effective.

Linezolid is another medication that interacts with nutrition. This drug treats infections (such as pneumonia) and prevents bacteria from growing. If the patient is taking linezolid, tyramine-containing meals should be avoided. Cheese, excessive chocolate, caffeine, yogurt, raisins, bananas, sour cream, and sausage are all examples. The interaction can cause blood pressure to rise dangerously.

The interactions should be explained during client education so that the patient understands the importance of following the medication directions. An important point to remember about fentanyl medication is that increasing the dosage can increase the risk of overdosing and severe side effects (respiratory failure). The takeaway for warfarin is that the vitamin K level must be monitored and consistent for the medication to work correctly—finally, the importance of avoiding tyramine-containing foods while on linezolid should be thoroughly explained.


Amy Sanchez

11/9/23, 11:18 PM 

NEW

Top of Form

 1: Warfarin and Vitamin K

Interaction: Warfarin is a blood thinner that works by blocking the action of vitamin K, which is needed for blood clotting. Consuming foods high in vitamin K can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin.

Foods to avoid: Foods high in vitamin K include leafy green vegetables (kale, spinach, cabbage), broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and liver.

Client education: Patients taking warfarin should be advised to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods. They should not completely avoid these foods but rather consume them in moderation to have a consistent balance of vitamin K intake. Regular monitoring of the blood clotting time is crucial in preventing complications.

Interaction 2: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and Tyramine

Interaction: MAOIs are used to treat depression, but they can interact with tyramine, a compound found in certain foods. MAOIs block the action of the enzyme that breaks down tyramine, leading to its accumulation, which can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure.

Foods to avoid: Foods high in tyramine include aged cheeses, cured meats (sausages, pepperoni), fermented foods (sauerkraut, soy sauce), and some alcoholic beverages.

Client education: Patients taking MAOIs must be informed about the potential risks of consuming foods high in tyramine, as it can lead to hypertensive crisis. They should be educated on the importance of avoiding these foods, especially during the early stages of MAOI treatment. Awareness of alternative food choices is crucial to ensure a safe diet.

Interaction 3: Calcium and Tetracycline antibiotics

Interaction: Calcium can bind to tetracycline antibiotics in the gastrointestinal tract, forming insoluble complexes that reduce the absorption of the medication.

Foods to avoid: Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt), calcium-fortified orange juice, and high-calcium foods like spinach and kale.

Client education: Clients on tetracycline antibiotics should be advised to avoid calcium-rich foods or supplements for several hours before and after taking the medication. It is important to emphasize the significance of adhering to the recommended dosing schedule to ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness of the antibiotics.

Bottom of Form

Role

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Create a poster in which you present your topic. Below is a link to a sample poster and template.

Poster_Template.ppt

The poster must include a synopsis of all of the above work you’ve done, neatly and creatively arranged in the order of the template. If you were able to instruct, implement, or otherwise present your ideas to the target audience, be sure to have a detailed evaluation. Was the goal achieved? You may submit the poster to your clinical instructor or photograph it and submit the photos to the drop box below.

W10 os

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The surrogate role is not one that is frequently mentioned in recent nursing practice literature.  Is that role as defined by Peplau relevant to nursing practice as currently experienced.  If so, in what way.  If not, why? 

400 word, 1 reference

Self Care activity

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Setting boundaries and making self-care a priority is extremely important when practicing as a nurse. Discuss methods of self care that you have found to be effective when dealing with an emotional reaction to a situation.

Once you have selected a topic, post a discussion about why that self-care technique is beneficial, how it helps you, how it can benefit your nursing practice, and why self-care is so important when caring for individuals with mental illness. 

250 words or less simple discussion

week 5 600 p

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Submit 2-3 pages describing the Methods/Design and Statistical Analysis that you will use in your project. Use the evidence from the peer reviewed articles that you have critically appraised and synthesized. Follow APA format and cite references. Include the following:

  1. Describe the evaluative criteria (indicators or variables) to be addressed in answering each evaluation question.
  2. Describe the research approaches to be used to answer each question and why they are appropriate to the evaluation questions posed.
  3. Describe in specific detail how data will be collected related to each of your evaluative criteria/indicators. Discuss exactly how the data be collected, when, and by whom. Describe any data collection tools in terms of their development and appropriateness in answering the evaluation questions. Provide information on validity and reliability of tools, if available. Explain why the data collection methods are appropriate to the research approach, type of data, and purpose of the evaluation.
  4. Describe how you will analyze the data, including specific statistical tests to be used. Include dummy data tables if applicable to show how you will display your findings.

Expectations

  • Due: Monday, 11:59 pm PT
  • Length: 2-3 pages
  • Format: APA 7th ed.
  • Research: At least one peer reviewed reference within the last 5 years

This will be based off the other assignments concerning nurse retention.